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Stephen Hawking dies at 76; His mind roamed the cosmos

Overlooked

Obituary writing is more about life than death: the last word, a testament to a human contribution.

Yet who gets remembered — and how — inherently involves judgment. To look back at the obituary archives can, therefore, be a stark lesson in how society valued various achievements and achievers.

Since 1851, The New York Times has published thousands of obituaries: of heads of state, opera singers, the inventor of Stove Top stuffing and the namer of the Slinky. The vast majority chronicled the lives of men, mostly white ones; even in the last two years, just over one in five of our subjects were female.

Picture a leader. Is she a woman?

“People have these prototypes in their head about what a leader looks like,” Dr. McClean said. “When we see an individual, we ask, ‘Do they fit that?’” If they don’t — even if they are acting like a leader — it’s harder to identify them as one. This disconnect does not require assuming that “women are less competent than men in general (e.g., intelligent, smart, organized, levelheaded),”

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